Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej tiv thaiv zoo rau koj cov khoom hlau. Koj qhov project ib puag ncig, kev tsim qauv, thiab cov peev nyiaj yuav coj koj qhov kev txiav txim siab. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam uas nthuav dav sai.
Cov Lus Qhia Ceev
- Kub-Dip Galvanizing: Zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov siab tshaj plaws corrosion tsis kam nyob rau sab nraum zoov lossis qhov chaw hnyav.
- Electro-Galvanizing: Zoo tagnrho rau qhov tiav du thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom sab hauv tsev uas muaj kev kam rau siab.
Qhov kev thov loj hlob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rauTus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me methiab cov chaw lag luam loj xws liCov kav dej Galvanizing.
| Kev Ua Lag Luam | Xyoo | Loj ntawm Kev Lag Luam (USD Billion) | Kev Lag Luam Loj Kwv Yees (USD Billion) | CAGR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kev Pabcuam Galvanizing | 2023 | 14.5 | 22.8 (los ntawm xyoo 2032) | 5.1 |
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb
- Kub-dip galvanizingmuab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab kav ntev rau kev siv sab nraum zoov. Thaum xub thawj nws kim dua tab sis txuag tau nyiaj dhau sijhawm.
- Kev siv hluav taws xob galvanizing ua rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev du thiab zoo nkauj. Thaum xub thawj nws pheej yig dua tab sis tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau dua.
- Xaiv cov khoom siv kub-dip rau cov haujlwm nyuaj thiab electro-galvanizing rau qhov zoo nkauj thiabcov khoom me me.
Kub-Dip Galvanizing Yog Dab Tsi?
Kev galvanizing kub-dip tsim ib txheej txheej ruaj khov, tiv taus kev txhuam los ntawm kev muab cov hlau rau hauv cov zinc molten. Txoj kev no yog ib qho txheej txheem tag nrho. Nws tiv thaiv txhua qhov ntawm koj cov hlau, suav nrog cov ces kaum, ntug, thiab cov nto sab hauv. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho thaiv kev tiv thaiv xeb.
Cov Txheej Txheem Da Dej Molten Zinc
Koj pib cov txheej txheem nrog kev npaj nto ntau heev. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub hauv paus huv si, ua haujlwm tau zoo rau zinc los sib txuas nrog. Cov kauj ruam ib txwm muaj xws li:
- Kev tshem roj:Koj tshem tawm cov av, roj, thiab cov organic residues.
- Kev Txua:Koj muab cov hlau tso rau hauv ib lub dab dej acid kom tshem tawm cov nplai zeb thiab xeb.
- Kev ntws tawm:Koj siv cov tshuaj ntxuav zaum kawg los tiv thaiv oxidation ua ntej dipping.
Tom qab npaj tiav lawm, koj muab cov hlau ntawd ntsaws rau hauv ib lublub lauj kaub ntawm cov zinc moltenCov chaw da dej galvanizing txheem ua haujlwm ntawm kwv yees li 830 ° F (443 ° C). Qee qhov kev siv tshwj xeeb txawm siv cov chaw da dej kub siab uas ncav cuag 1040-1165 ° F (560-630 ° C).
Cov Metallurgical Bond
Cov txheej txheem no ua ntau tshaj li tsuas yog siv ib txheej zinc xwb. Qhov kub heev ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau hauv cov hlau thiab cov zinc uas yaj. Qhov kev sib xyaw no tsim cov txheej zinc-hlau sib xyaw ua ke, tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas hlau tiag tiag. Tsis zoo li xim, uas tsuas yog zaum ntawm qhov chaw, cov zinc dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej.
Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tsim kev sib txuas ruaj khov ntawm ob lub hlau. Cov hlau sib txuas muaj zog tshaj 3600 psi (25 MPa).
Qhov kev sib txuas zoo no ua rau cov txheej galvanized ruaj khov heev. Nws tiv taus kev tawg thiab kev puas tsuaj zoo dua li cov txheej txheem yooj yim, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv ntev rau koj cov khoom.
Electro Galvanizing yog dab tsi?
Electro-galvanizing, tseem hu ua zinc plating, muab txoj hauv kev sib txawv raukev tiv thaiv xebKoj tsis siv lub dab dej zinc uas yaj rau txoj kev no. Hloov chaw, koj siv hluav taws xob los thov ib txheej zinc nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau. Cov txheej txheem no zoo tagnrho thaum koj xav tau qhov tiav du thiab ci rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Cov Txheej Txheem Electro-Deposition
Cov txheej txheem electro-deposition vam khom cov ntsiab cai ntawm electroplating. Xav txog nws zoo li siv lub hlau nplaum los nyiam cov hlau me me, tab sis nrog hluav taws xob. Koj ua raws li ob peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem:
- Kev Ntxuav Qhov Chaw:Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum ntxuav cov hlau kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov roj lossis cov nplai. Ib qho chaw huv si yog qhov tseem ceeb rau zinc kom lo rau zoo.
- Da dej electrolyte:Tom ntej no, koj muab koj cov hlau (lub cathode) thiab ib daim zinc ntshiab (lub anode) rau hauv cov ntsev uas hu ua electrolyte.
- Thov Tam Sim No:Tom qab ntawd koj muab hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau hauv lub dab da dej. Cov hluav taws xob no yaj cov zinc ntawm lub anode thiab tso nws ua ib txheej nyias nyias, sib npaug rau ntawm koj qhov hlau.
Lub Txheej Txheem Nyias, Sib Xws
Cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob no muab kev tswj hwm zoo heev rau qhov tuab thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov txheej. Cov txheej zinc uas tshwm sim yog nyias dua li cov txheej kub-dip, feem ntau yog li ntawm 5 txog 18 microns. Rau qee qhov kev siv xws li cov hlau ntawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej kom meej li 3.6 µm ib sab.
Kev Sib Piv Txog Qhov TiavQhov xwm txheej tswj tau ntawm electro-galvanizing tsim kom du, ci ntsa iab, thiab zoo ib yam. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo meej rau cov ntawv thov uas koj xav tau kev kam rau siab thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj, vim tias cov txheej yuav tsis sau cov xov lossis txhaws cov qhov me me. Qhov sib piv, kub-dipkev pleev xim galvanizingtsim cov nto rougher, tsis sib npaug zos.
Vim tias cov txheej no zoo ib yam li qub, nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom me me, cov khoom ntxaws ntxaws xws li cov khoom siv txuas, cov khoom siv kho vajtse, thiab lwm yam khoom uas xav tau qhov zoo nkauj.
Kev Ruaj Khov: Lub Txheej Twg Kav Ntev Dua?
Thaum koj xaiv ib txheej txheej, koj tab tom nqis peev rau yav tom ntej ntawm koj cov khoom. Qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej zinc cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws lub neej kev pabcuam thiab kev xav tau kev saib xyuas. Koj qhov chaw ib puag ncig yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab seb txoj kev galvanizing twg muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Kub-Dip rau Xyoo caum ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv
Koj xaivkub-dip galvanizingthaum koj xav tau kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws thiab ntev. Cov txheej txheem tsim cov txheej tuab, tawv uas tau sib txuas nrog cov hlau. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws tiv taus kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej zinc yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws lub neej ntev. Cov qauv kev lag luam ua kom muaj txheej tiv thaiv zoo.
Tus Qauv Txheej Thickness (Microns) ISO 1461 45 – 85 ASTM A123/A123M 50 – 100 Cov txheej tuab no muab kev pabcuam ntau xyoo yam tsis tas yuav kho. Cov kws tshaj lij ntsuas qhov no siv cov ntsuas hu ua "Lub Sijhawm rau Kev Kho Thawj Zaug" (TFM). TFM yog qhov taw tes thaum tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov hlau nto qhia xeb, txhais tau tias cov txheej tseem 95% zoo. Rau cov hlau qauv ib txwm muaj, qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev heev. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov no txhais li cas rau kev ua tau zoo hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv:
Ib puag ncig Lub Neej Pabcuam Nruab Nrab (Xyoo) Kev Lag Luam 72-73 Tropical Marine 75-78 xyoo Marine Kub 86 Suburban 97 Nyob deb nroog Tshaj 100 Cov koom haum zoo li ASTM International tau teeb tsa cov qauv nruj heev los lav qhov kev ua tau zoo no. Cov lus qhia no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej tuab, qhov tiav, thiab kev nplaum.
- ASTM A123:Npog cov khoom siv hlau dav dav.
- ASTM A153:Chaw Nyobkho vajtse, cov khoom siv txuas, thiab lwm yam khoom me me.
- ASTM A767:Qhia meej txog cov kev cai rau cov hlau rebar siv rau hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Cov qauv no txhua yam yuav tsum tau muaj cov txheej zinc kom ruaj khov nrog cov hlau thoob plaws nws lub neej ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua kom koj cov khoom tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau xyoo tom ntej.
Cov Kev Kawm Txog Kev Ruaj Khov
Cov haujlwm tiag tiag hauv ntiaj teb qhia txog kev vam meej mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev siv cov hlau kub dip galvanizing. Hauv Stark County, Ohio, cov nom tswv tau pib siv cov choj galvanizing hauv xyoo 1970 kom tshem tawm cov nqi siab ntawm kev pleev xim dua. Ntau ntawm cov choj ntawd tseem siv tau niaj hnub no. Tsis ntev los no, Moynihan Train Hall hauv New York City tau siv cov hlau kub dip galvanized kom ntseeg tau tias lub neej ntev thiab zam kev kaw qhov chaw nres tsheb coob coob rau kev kho.
Electro-Galvanizing rau Kev Siv Lub Teeb
Koj yuav tsum xaiv electro-galvanizing rau cov khoom uas yuav siv hauv tsev lossis hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab tsis kub heev. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov txheej zinc nyias nyias, zoo nkauj. Txawm hais tias nws muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv xeb, nws tsis yog tsim los rau cov xwm txheej hnyav lossis kev raug sab nraum zoov ntev.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm electro-galvanizing yog los muab qhov tiav du thiab ci rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj lossis kev siv lub teeb. Cov txheej nyias nyias, feem ntau tsawg dua 10 microns, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas qhov zoo nkauj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv qhov chaw qhuav hauv tsev, qhov xeb tsawg heev.
Pawg Ib puag ncig Tus Nqi Xeb ntawm Zinc (µm/xyoo) Qis heev (Qhuav sab hauv tsev) Tsawg dua 0.5 Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej nyias no ua rau lub zog ntawm kev kub-dip galvanizing tsis ruaj khov. Nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li yog tias raug dej noo lossis cov khoom xeb.
Kev sim tshuaj tsuag ntsev muab kev sib piv ncaj qha ntawm kev tiv thaiv xeb. Hauv qhov kev sim ua kom nrawm no, cov khoom raug tso rau hauv cov pa ntsev kom pom tias cov txheej txheem kav ntev npaum li cas. Cov txiaj ntsig qhia meej meej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Hom txheej Cov Sijhawm Ib Txwm Muaj Rau Xeb Liab (ASTM B117) Electro-galvanized (plating yooj yim) ~100–250 teev Kub-Dip Galvanized (Tus Qauv Tuab) ~500 teev Kub-Dip Galvanized (Txheej Tuab >140µm) Txog li 1,500+ teev Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov txheej txheem galvanized kub-dip tuaj yeem kav ntev dua ob mus rau rau npaug, lossis ntau dua, hauv qhov kev sim ua kom hnyav no. Qhov no qhia tau tias vim li cas electro-galvanizing zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw tswj hwm, sab hauv tsev uas qhov kev ruaj khov yog qhov teeb meem thib ob rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua kom raug.
Tsos: Qhov Twg Zoo Rau Koj Tus Qauv?
Qhov zoo nkauj kawg ntawm koj qhov yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog. Koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav tau qhov zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj lossis qhov ruaj khov, kev lag luam.txoj kev galvanizingkoj xaiv ncaj qha tswj qhov tiav.Electro-Galvanizing rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab ci ntsa iab
Koj yuav tsum xaiv electro-galvanizing thaum koj xav tau qhov tiav zoo nkauj thiab sib xws. Cov txheej txheem tso ib txheej zinc nyias nyias, sib npaug, tsim kom muaj qhov chaw du thiab ci ntsa iab. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho raucov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoomlossis cov khoom uas qhov zoo nkauj tseem ceeb, xws li qee hom ntsia hlau thiab kho vajtse rau ru tsev.
Koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj dua nrog cov txheej chromate tom qab kho, tseem hu ua passivation. Cov kev kho no tuaj yeem ntxiv xim rau kev txheeb xyuas lossis style. Cov kev xaiv feem ntau suav nrog:
- Ci ntsa iab/Xiav-Dawb:Classic xim av los yog silvery.
- Zaj sawv:Ib qho iridescent, multicolored finish.
- Tsaus ntuj:Ib qho xim dub los yog xim txiv ntseej-drabb ntsuab zoo li.
Qib kev tswj kom zoo nkauj no ua rau electro-galvanizing zoo meej rau cov khoom me me, cov khoom me me uas xav tau qhov huv si, tiav lawm.
Kub-Dip rau qhov Rugged, Utilitarian Finish
Koj tau txais qhov tiav uas ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog kev kub-dip galvanizing. Qhov saum npoo feem ntau tsis du thiab tej zaum yuav muaj tus qauv crystalline tshwj xeeb hu ua "spangle." Tus qauv zoo li paj no tsim los ntawm ntuj thaum cov zinc molten txias thiab khov rau ntawm cov hlau. Qhov loj ntawm cov spangle nyob ntawm qhov ceev txias thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub dab dej zinc.
Qee zaum, cov hlau uas muaj zog heev lossis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ua rau muaj qhov tiav grey matte tsis muaj spangle kiag li. Qhov rougher, utilitarian tsos no zoo meej rau cov ntawv thov uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog qhov ruaj khov. Koj yuav feem ntau pom qhov tiav no ntawm cov hlau qauv rau cov tsev, cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam xws li anchors thiab bolts, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv cov chaw sab nraum zoov nyuaj.
Tus nqi: Tus nqi ua ntej piv rau Tus nqi tas mus li
Koj yuav tsum sib npaug tus nqi pib ntawm ib txheej txheej nrog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo mus sij hawm ntev. Koj cov peev nyiaj yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv koj qhov kev txiav txim siab. Ib txoj kev muab kev txuag tam sim ntawd, thaum lwm txoj kev muab tus nqi zoo dua thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov khoom.
Kub-Dip: Tus nqi pib siab dua, Tus nqi tas mus li qis dua
Koj yuav them ntau dua ua ntej rau kev kub-dip galvanizing. Cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua thiab siv zinc ntau dua, uas ua rau tus nqi pib nce ntxiv. Tus nqi ntawmkub-dip galvanized hlau coilstuaj yeem sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau nws kim dua ib tuj dua li cov hlau electro-galvanized.
Rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tau cov nqi zoo li no:
- Cov hlau ua vaj tse sib zogKwv yees li ntawm $1.10 ib square foot
- Cov hlau ua vaj tse hnyavKwv yees li ntawm $ 4.40 ib square foot
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev nqis peev thawj zaug siab dua no yuav ua rau koj muaj kev ua tau zoo ntau xyoo yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Cov hlau kub-dip galvanized muab kev tiv thaiv xeb rau 75 xyoo lossis ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas. Qhov kev ruaj khov no tshem tawm cov nuj nqis yav tom ntej rau kev kho lossis rov pleev xim dua. Koj zam cov nqi tsis ncaj qha ntawm kev saib xyuas, xws li kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam lossis kev ncua tsheb rau cov chaw pej xeem. Qhov kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm kev tsim khoom los ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov nroog uas siv cov khoom siv galvanized xws li cov ntaiv txoj kev loj lossis cov ncej teeb pom kev zoo tau pom cov nqi kho kom zoo poob qis 70-80% thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Thaum koj xaiv galvanizing kub-dip, koj tab tom nqis peev rau hauv tus nqi qis dua.
Electro-Galvanizing: Tus nqi pib qis dua, Tus nqi siab dua rau lub neej
Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau nyiaj thaum pib los ntawm kev xaiv electro-galvanizing. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau pheej yig dua li 40% piv rau hot-dip galvanizing, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau cov haujlwm uas muaj peev nyiaj tsawg. Tus nqi qis dua los ntawm cov txheej txheem ceev dua uas siv zinc tsawg dua.
Qhov kev txuag nyiaj thawj zaug no los nrog kev pauv pauv. Lub neej ntawm cov txheej electro-galvanized luv dua, feem ntau kav ntev li ob peb lub hlis mus rau ob peb xyoos. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov kev cia siab luv luv no yog vim cov txheej zinc nyias heev uas tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Kev Sib Hloov Tus NqiKoj txuag tau nyiaj rau thawj hnub, tab sis koj yuav tsum npaj rau cov nqi yav tom ntej. Cov txheej txheej nyias nyias, zoo nkauj yuav xav tau kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, rov ua dua tshiab, lossis hloov pauv tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias raug dej noo. Raws sijhawm, cov nuj nqis rov tshwm sim no sib ntxiv, ua rau tag nrho lub neej tus nqi siab dua li ntawm cov khoom siv kub-dip galvanized.
Koj yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev no thaum lub khoom siv hauv tsev thiab tsis zoo li yuav raug kev puas tsuaj. Rau lwm yam kev siv, cov nqi mus sij hawm ntev yuav ntau dua li cov nyiaj txuag thawj zaug.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv Galvanizing me me
Tej zaum koj yuav xav txog kev coj galvanizing rau hauv koj lub khw.Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me meyog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no. Koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov kev nqis peev thawj zaug piv rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj hwm koj lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
Kev Xav Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Nraud vs. Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tsev
Kev teeb tsa ib txoj kab galvanizing hauv tsev yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj ntau heev. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me me tuaj yeem kim heev. Piv txwv li, ib qho me melub lauj kaub kub-dip galvanizingib leeg xwb yuav raug nqi txij li $10,000 txog $150,000. Tus nqi no tsis suav nrog lwm yam khoom tsim nyog:
- Cov thoob tshuaj rau kev ntxuav thiab ntws dej
- Cov tshuab nqa thiab cov cranes rau cov khoom txav mus los
- Cov tshuab cua thiab kev nyab xeeb
Ntxiv rau tus nqi pib ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me me, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov nqi khiav lag luam tas mus li. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv raw, lub zog, kev pov tseg pov tseg, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me me thiab nws txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cog lus nyiaj txiag loj heev.
Vim li cas Outsourcing feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khw me me
Rau feem ntau cov khw me me, kev xa cov kev pabcuam galvanizing mus rau lwm lub tuam txhab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua. Koj zam tus nqi kim heev ntawm cov khoom siv galvanizing me me. Hloov chaw, koj koom tes nrog tus kws kho galvanizer tshwj xeeb uas twb muaj cov khoom siv thiab kev txawj ntse.
Qhov Zoo ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab NraudLos ntawm kev xa koj cov haujlwm mus rau lwm lub tuam txhab, koj yuav hloov cov nqi siv loj mus ua tus nqi ua haujlwm uas kwv yees tau. Koj tsuas yog them rau cov kev pabcuam uas koj xav tau xwb, uas ua rau kev npaj nyiaj txiag yooj yim dua thiab muaj peev txheej rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm koj txoj kev lag luam.
Txoj kev no cia koj tau txais cov txheej txheem zoo yam tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab nyiaj txiag thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm kev khiav koj lub Hoobkas. Koj tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov koj lub lag luam ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum tso cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm galvanizing.
Koj qhov kev xaiv kawg nyob ntawm seb koj qhov project xav tau dab tsi. Koj yuav tsum ua kom txoj kev pleev xim sib haum nrog koj cov khoom siv thiab koj cov peev nyiaj.
Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Txiav Txim Zaum Kawg
- Xaiv Kub-Dip Galvanizingrau cov khoom uas xav tau lub neej ntev tshaj plaws thiab sab nraum zoov ruaj khov.
- Xaiv Electro-Galvanizingrau cov khoom uas xav tau kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab qhov loj me kom raug rau kev siv sab hauv tsev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-08-2025